Psychologists
study mental processes and human behavior by observing, interpreting,
and recording how people and other animals relate to one another and the
environment. To do this, psychologists often look for patterns that will
help them understand and predict behavior using scientific methods,
principles, or procedures to test their ideas. Through such research
studies, psychologists have learned much that can help increase
understanding between individuals, groups, organizations, institutions,
nations, and cultures.
Like other social scientists, psychologists formulate theories, or
hypotheses, which are possible explanations for what they observe. But
unlike other social science disciplines, psychologists often concentrate
on individual behavior and, specifically, in the beliefs and feelings
that influence a person’s actions.
Research methods vary with the topic which they study, but by and large,
the chief techniques used are observation, assessment, and
experimentation.
Psychologists
sometimes gather information and evaluate behavior through controlled
laboratory experiments, hypnosis, biofeedback, psychoanalysis, or
psychotherapy, or by administering personality, performance, aptitude,
or intelligence tests. Other methods include interviews, questionnaires,
clinical studies, surveys, and observation -- looking for
cause-and-effect relationships between events and for broad patterns of
behavior.
Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion,
feelings, or behavior. The research findings of psychologists have
greatly increased our understanding of why people and animals behave as
they do. For example, psychologists have discovered how personality
develops and how to promote healthy development. They have gained
knowledge of how to diagnose and treat alcoholism and substance abuse,
how to help people change bad habits and conduct, and how to help
students learn. They understand the conditions that can make workers
more productive. Insights provided by psychologists can help people
function better as individuals, friends, family members, and workers.
Psychologists may perform a variety of duties in a vast number of
industries. For example, those working in health service fields may
provide mental healthcare in hospitals, clinics, schools, or private
settings. Psychologists employed in applied settings, such as business,
industry, government, or nonprofit organizations, may provide training,
conduct research, design organizational systems, and act as advocates
for psychology.
Note: Some resources in this section are provided by the US Department
of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
|
|
